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1.
Cad. Saúde Pública (Online) ; 38(1): e00287820, 2022. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1355982

ABSTRACT

This study aims to investigate factors associated with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration in Brazilian adults considering sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, as well as vitamin D-related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). This is a cross-sectional study (n = 491; 34-79y; 251 women), nested within a prospective cohort (Pró-Saúde Study). Associations between serum 25(OH)D and sociodemographic characteristics, diet, use of supplement, physical activity, season of blood collection, body fat, skin type, sun exposure index, and SNPs CYP2R1-rs10741657 and GC-rs2282679 were explored by multiple linear regression. The prevalence of serum 25(OH)D < 50nmol/L was 55%. Serum 25(OH)D was lower among women (β = -4.38; 95%CI: -8.02; -0.74), those with higher visceral fat (β = -4.02; 95%CI: -5.92; -2.12), and those with AC and CC genotypes for GC-rs2282679 (β = -6.84; 95%CI: -10.09; -3.59; β = -10.63; 95%CI: -17.52; -3.74, respectively). Factors directly associated with serum 25(OH)D included summer (β = 20.14; 95%CI: 14.38; 25.90), intermediate skin type (β = 6.16; 95%CI: 2.52; 9.80), higher sun exposure (β = 0.49; 95%CI: 0.22; 0.75), vitamin D intake (β = 0.48; 95%CI: 0.03; 0.93), and physical activity (β = 4.65; 95%CI: 1.54; 7.76). Besides physical activity, diet, and sun exposure, non-modifiable factors, such as GC genotypes must be considered when evaluating vitamin D insufficiency in mixed-race populations. Moreover, high visceral fat in association with poorer vitamin D status deserve attention given that both conditions are unfavorably related with chronic and acute health outcomes.


Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar fatores associados com as concentrações séricas de 25-hidroxivitamina [25(OH)D] em adultos brasileiros de acordo com fatores sociodemográficos e de estilo de vida, assim como de polimorfismos de nucleotídeo único (SNPs) relacionados à vitamina D. Este é um estudo transversal (n = 491; 34-79 anos; 251 mulheres) aninhado em uma coorte prospectiva (Estudo Pró-Saúde). Associações entre a 25(OH)D sérica e características sociodemográficas, consumo alimentar, uso de suplementos, atividade física, estação do ano na coleta da amostra de sangue, gordura corporal, fototipo de pele, índice de exposição solar e SNPs CYP2R1-rs10741657 e GC-rs2282679, explorados por regressão multilinear. A prevalência de 25(OH)D sérica < 50nmol/L foi 55%. A concentração sérica de 25(OH)D foi menor entre mulheres (β = -4,38; IC95%: -8,02; -0,74), indivíduos com mais gordura visceral (β = -4,02; IC95%: -5,92; -2,12) e genótipos AC e CC para GC-rs2282679 (β = -6,84; IC95%: -10,09; -3,59 e β = -10,63; IC95%: -17,52; -3,74, respectivamente). Os fatores associados diretamente à 25(OH)D sérica incluíram os meses de verão (β = 20,14; IC95%: 14,38; 25,90), fototipo intermediário (β = 6,16; IC95%: 2,52; 9,80), maior exposição solar (β = 0,49; IC95%: 0,22; 0,75), ingestão de vitamina D (β = 0,48; IC95%: 0,03; 0,93) e atividade física (β = 4,65; IC95%: 1,54; 7,76). Além de atividade física, dieta e exposição solar, fatores não modificáveis, tais como variantes do gene GC devem ser considerados na avaliação da deficiência de vitamina D em populações miscigenadas. Além disso, merece atenção a associação entre a gordura visceral elevada e o pior estado de vitamina D, uma vez que ambas as condições implicam em desfechos de saúde desfavoráveis, tanto crônicos quanto agudos.


Nuestro objetivo fue investigar factores asociados con la concentración sérica 25-hidroxivitamina D [25(OH)D] en adultos brasileños, considerando factores sociodemográficos y de vida, así como también los polimorfismos de nucleótido único relacionados con la vitamina D (SNPs). Se trata de un estudio transversal (n = 491; 34-79 años; 251 mujeres), anidado dentro de una cohorte prospectiva (Estudio Pro-Salud). Se investigaron las asociaciones entre concentración sérica 25(OH)D y características sociodemográficas, ingesta alimentaria, uso de suplementos, actividad física, estación del año de recogida de muestras de sangre, grasa corporal, tipo de piel, índice de exposición al sol, y SNPs CYP2R1-rs10741657 y GC-rs2282679 mediante una regresión múltiple lineal. La prevalencia sérica 25(OH)D < 50nmol/L fue 55%. La 25(OH)D sérica fue menor entre las mujeres (β = -4,38; IC95%: -8,02; -0,74), quienes tenían alta grasa visceral (β = -4,02; IC95%: -5,92; -2,12), genotipos AC y CC para GC-rs2282679 (β = -6,84; IC95%: -10,09; -3,59 y β = -10,63; IC95%: -17,52; -3,74, respectivamente). Los factores directamente asociados con la concentración sérica 25(OH)D incluyeron verano (β = 20,14; IC95%: 14,38; 25,90), tipo de piel intermedia (β = 6,16; IC95%: 2,52; 9,80), más alta exposición al sol (β = 0,49; IC95%: 0,22; 0,75), toma de vitamina D (β = 0,48; IC95%: 0,03; 0,93) y actividad física (β = 4,65; IC95%: 1,54; 7,76). Además de la actividad física, dieta y exposición al sol, los factores no modificables, tales como genotipos GC, necesitan tenerse en cuenta cuando se está evaluando la insuficiencia de vitamina D en poblaciones mestizas. Asimismo, las implicaciones de la asociación de una alta grasa visceral con un estatus más pobre de vitamina D merece que se le preste atención, puesto que ambas condiciones de salud están relacionadas desfavorablemente con resultados de salud graves y crónicos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Vitamin D-Binding Protein/genetics , Vitamin D Deficiency/genetics , Vitamin D Deficiency/epidemiology , Seasons , Vitamin D/analogs & derivatives , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Prospective Studies , Life Style
2.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 17(3): 363-368, May-June 2013. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-676874

ABSTRACT

We systematically reviewed studies of the immune response to tuberculosis and the genetic polymorphisms associated with Th1-or Th2-mediated cytokine expression in indigenous populations. A bibliographic search was performed on the Medline and ISI databases and included studies published between January 1980 and October 2011. The search terms were tuberculosis, American Indians, Amerindian, indigenous, Indians, native people, aboriginal, immun*, host immune, immune response, cytokine*, polymorphism*, and gene. Regardless of their design, studies that evaluated immunoglobulin, cytokine levels and genetic polymorphisms that altered cytokine expression were included. Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria. The majority of studies were performed in Latin America, and five investigated the Warao ethnic group of Venezuela. Most of the investigations indirectly evaluated the immune response. Higher anergy to the tuberculin skin test, higher IgG4 and IgM levels, higher IL-5 production and lower TNF-a, IL-12p40 and IFN-I production were found in the indigenous populations. The studies also reported a predominantly Th2-type response in these populations and a possibly higher susceptibility to tuberculosis. A better understanding of the relevant genetic polymorphisms and their role in immune regulation would help to clarify the immunogenetic mechanisms of TB infection in these populations. This information would be useful for identifying new treatments and preventing infection and progression to active disease.


Subject(s)
Humans , Immunity, Humoral/immunology , Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics , Population Groups/genetics , Tuberculosis/genetics , Tuberculosis/immunology , Cytokines/immunology , Th1 Cells/immunology , /immunology
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